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6)Defined: What to expect on Republic Morning 2021and what not to

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Mass–energy equivalence

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In physics, mass–energy equivalence defines the relationship between mass and energy in a system’s rest frame, where the two values differ only by a constant and the units of measurement. The principle is described by Albert Einstein's famous formula: E = m c 2 {\displaystyle E=m\,c^{2}} The formula defines the energy E of a particle in its rest frame as the product of mass m with the speed of light squared ( c 2 ). Equivalently, the mass of a particle at rest is equal to its energy E divided by the speed of light squared ( c 2 ). Because the speed of light is a large number in everyday units (approximately 3 × 108 meters per second), the formula implies that a small amount of rest mass corresponds to an enormous amount of energy, which is independent of the composition of the matter. Rest mass, also called invariant mass, is the mass that is measured when the system is at rest. The rest mass is a fundamental physical property that remains independent of mome...
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Unlike a system's energy in an inertial frame, the relativistic energy ( E r {\displaystyle E_{r}} ) of a system depends on both the rest mass ( m 0 {\displaystyle m_{0}} ) and the total momentum of the system. The extension of Einstein's equation to these systems is given by:note E r 2 − | p → | 2 c 2 = m 0 2 c 4 E r 2 − ( p c ) 2 = ( m 0 c 2 ) 2 {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}E_{r}^{2}-|{\vec {p}}\,|^{2}c^{2}&=m_{0}^{2}c^{4}\\E_{r}^{2}-(pc)^{2}&=(m_{0}c^{2})^{2}\end{aligned}}} or where the ( p c ) 2 {\displaystyle (pc)^{2}} term represents the square of the Euclidean norm (total vector length) of the various momentum vectors in the system, which reduces to the square of the simple momentum magnitude, if only a single particle is considered. This equation is called the energy–momentum relation and reduces to ...
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